> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://notte-experiment-visibility-md-links.mintlify.site/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# execute

> Executes an action on the current session page

This method allows you to interact with web elements by performing various actions
like clicking, filling forms, navigating, scrolling, and more. You can provide
actions either as structured action objects or by specifying action parameters directly.

```python theme={null}
from notte_sdk import actions

# Execute an action from observe() results
obs = session.observe()
action = obs.space.first()  # Get first available action
result = session.execute(action)

# Execute a click action by element ID (use `obs.space.description` to checkout elements IDs)
result = session.execute(type="click", id="B1")

# Execute a form fill action
result = session.execute(type="fill", id="I1", value="user@example.com")

# Execute browser navigation
result = session.execute(type="goto", url="https://example.com")
```

**Action Types:**

**Browser Actions** (always available):

* `goto`: Navigate to a URL
* `go_back`: Go back to previous page
* `go_forward`: Go forward to next page
* `reload`: Reload current page
* `scroll_up`/`scroll_down`: Scroll the page
* `wait`: Wait for specified milliseconds
* `press_key`: Press keyboard keys

**Interaction Actions** (require element ID from observe):

* `click`: Click on an element
* `fill`: Fill input fields with text
* `upload_file`: upload files to file inputs
* etc.

**Using Playwright Selectors:**

Instead of element IDs, you can use Playwright selectors to target elements:

```python theme={null}
session.execute(type="fill", selector="internal:text="Email"", value="test@example.com")
```

This syntax also supports Xpath (e.g. `xpath=/html/body/div[3]/div/button[1]`) or CSS selectors (e.g. `css=button.submit`).

> Note that we strongly advice to use selectors over IDs for workflows automation because IDs are dependent on the page structure and can change over time.

## Parameters

<ParamField path="action" type="UnionType[BaseAction, None]" default="None" />

<ParamField path="raise_on_failure" type="UnionType[bool, None]" default="None">
  If true, will raise if we could not execute the action
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="kwargs" type="Any" required />

## Returns

[`ExecutionResult`](/sdk-reference/misc/executionresult.md): Result containing execution details, any errors,         and the updated session state.

## Raises

* `Exception`: If raise\_on\_failure is True and the action execution fails.